Degenerative disc disease (DDD), herniation and Radiculitis of lumbar, cervical and thoracic spine
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a frequent contributor to lower back pain that can extend to the legs and affect daily activities. It can have a considerable impact on quality of life and work productivity. While conservative approaches exist, their effectiveness is often limited, which has led to widespread interest in understanding potential management options.
Scheme summarizes the pathological conditions of intervertebral disc degeneration and
regenerative effects of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
AFC, annulus fibrosis cell; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; ECM, etracellular matrix; IL,
interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NPC, nucleus purposes cell; TIES, tyrosine
kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains-2; TNF-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Cells. 2023 Sep; 12(17): 2161.
